Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases

Neurological disorders are medicinally described as disorders that affect the brain as well as the nerves found all over the human body and the spinal cord. Structural, biochemical or electrical deformity in the brain, spinal cord or other nerves can grow in to a range of symptoms. Examples of symptoms comprise disappearance of sense, muscle frailty, paralysis, seizures, substandard coordination, pain, confusion and altered levels of responsiveness.

Clinical neurophysiology is a therapeutic specialty that acts on the central and peripheral nervous system by building both voluntary and regenerative bioelectrical activities.

Neuropsychology is the branch of psychology that studies how the brain and the rest of the nervous system threaten human cognition and behavior. More importantly, professionals in this area of ​​psychology tend to focus more on how brain damage or disease affects cognition and behavior.

Addiction is a mental and physical condition that binds a person to a drug or behavior that has harmful consequences. It is a very complex condition that leads to compulsive use of the substance, regardless of the effects, immediate or otherwise.

This is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and gets a little worse over time. It is the most common cause of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty remembering recent events. As the disease progresses, symptoms such as speech problems, confusion (including getting lost easily), mood swings, loss of motivation, self-abandonment, and behavior problems may occur. Parkinson’s disease is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system that mainly affects the musculoskeletal system. Symptoms usually appear slowly, and non-motor symptoms become more common as the disease progresses. The first most obvious symptoms are tremors, stiffness, slow movements, and difficulty walking.

The very usual neurological infections are: An inflammation of the brain, Encephalitis, that can be generated by either bacteria or virus. Meningitis, the inflammation of the membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord, can be generated by either bacteria or virus.

Neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs alter the cellular functions of the nervous system and the neuronal mechanisms by which they inhibit behavior. There are two main branches of neuropharmacology: behavioral and molecular pharmacology. Behavioral neuropharmacology focuses on the study of the effects of drugs on human behavior (neuropsychopharmacology), including the study of the effects of drug dependence and addiction on the human brain. Molecular neuropharmacology involves the study of neurons. Neurochemistry is the science of chemicals involving neurotransmitters and other molecules such as psychotropic drugs and neuropeptides that control and affect the physiology of the nervous system.

It is the destruction or decay of brain cells. Brain damage is caused by many internal and external factors. Typically, brain injury refers to the subsequent involuntary destruction caused by trauma, while neurotoxicity typically refers to chemically induced selective damage to neurons.

Behavioral neuroscience, also known as biological psychology, biopsychology, or psychobiology, is the application of the principles of biology to the study of the physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of human and animal behavior.

Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that studies the biological processes underlying human cognition, primarily in relation to the relationship between brain structures, activity, and cognition. The reason for this is the regulation of brain function and performance. According to the APA, psychology is the specific study of the mind and behavior. Psychology is a multidisciplinary field and includes many sub-fields of research, such as B. human evolution, sports, fitness, clinical behavior, social behavior and cognitive processes.

Neurosurgery, or neurological surgery, is a medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders affecting parts of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous systems, and cerebrovascular system. Back pain can sometimes cause neurological symptoms such as numbness, muscle weakness, and loss of bowel and bladder control due to nerve root dysfunction.

Pediatric neurology or pediatric neurology refers to a specialized branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders in infants (newborns), infants, children and adolescents. The Department of Pediatric Neurology deals with diseases and disorders of the spinal cord, brain, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system, muscles, and blood vessels that affect people in these age groups.

Molecular genetics is a branch of biology concerned with how differences in the structure or expression of DNA molecules manifest themselves as variations between organisms. Molecular genetics often uses a "search" approach to use genetic screens to determine the structure and/or function of genes in an organism's genome. The field of study is based on the combination of several branches of biology: classical Mendelian inheritance, cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and biotechnology.

Neurogenesis is the process by which cells of the nervous system, neurons, are made from neural stem cells (NSCs). Found in all animal species except Porifera (sponges) and Placozoa. Types of NSCs include neuroepithelial cells (NECs), radial glial cells (RGCs), basal progenitor cells (BPs), intermediate neural progenitor cells (INPs), subventricular astrocytes, and subgranular zone radial astrocytes, among others.

Clinical neurology is a branch of neuroscience focused on the scientific study of the underlying mechanisms in diseases and disorders of the brain and central nervous system. Therapies for diseases of the nervous system. The specialty includes areas such as deep brain stimulation, brain-machine interfaces, neurorehabilitation, and the development of sensory devices of the nervous system such as the use of hearing implants, retinal implants, and electronic skins.

Ophthalmology is a branch of surgery and medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. This is an exciting surgical specialty that encompasses many different specialties including pediatric strabismus/ophthalmology, glaucoma, neuro-ophthalmology, retinitis/uveitis, anterior segment/cornea, ophthalmic/orbital surgery and ocular oncology. highlights the visual structure of human anatomy, particularly in the visual cortex of the brain. The main goal of visual neuroscience is to understand how neural activity affects visual perception and vision-dependent behavior.

Neuroscience, also known as neuroscience, deals with the development of the nervous system, its structure and functions. Neuroscientists focus on the brain and its impact on behavior and cognition. (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. The word can also be associated with any machine that exhibits qualities related to the human mind, such as education and problem solving.

Neuroinformatics is the scientific study of information processing by the nervous system from a computational point of view. It is associated with philosophy (computing theory of the mind), psychology (theory of information processing) and computer science (natural calculations, calculations inspired by biology), among others. Computational neuroscience (also called theoretical neuroscience or mathematical neuroscience) is a branch of neuroscience that uses mathematical modeling, theoretical analysis, and abstraction of the brain to understand the principles of monitoring brain growth, composition and physiology.

Any disorder, disease or medical condition affecting the brain (e.g. tumor, stroke, trauma). Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. Pathology focuses on the elements of the disease: the origin, methods of growth (pathogenesis), structural changes in cells (morphological changes), and the outcome of the changes (clinical symptoms).Oncology is the study of tumors of the spinal cord and brain, most of which are (at least ultimately) very frightening and life-threatening (astrocytoma, glioblastoma, glioblastoma, ependymoma, pontine glioma, and brain stem tumors of the brain are the most common). examples). Among malignant brain tumors, the worst are gliomas of the brainstem and pons, glioblastoma multiforme, and high-grade (highly anaplastic) astrocytomas.

Brain Imaging and Stimulation has a particular focus on the application of neuroimaging techniques to study the structure and function of the human nervous system and also addresses invasive and non-invasive techniques for stimulating the human nervous system.

Stem cells are incomparable human cells that are able to mature into many different cell types. This can range from muscle cells to brain cells. In some cases, they can also repair damaged tissues. Neural stem cells (NSCs) offer the capability to replace lost tissue after nervous system injury. Thus, stem cells can uplift host neural repair in part by secreting growth factors, and their regeneration-promoting activities can be modified by gene delivery.

Neurodermatitis is a skin condition that begins as an itchy spot on the skin. This cycle of itching and scratching makes the affected skin thick and leathery. Some itchy spots may also develop, usually on the neck, wrists, forearms, legs, or anal area. Also known as lichen vulgaris chronicus, it is neither fatal or contagious. However, itching can be severe enough or recurrent to interfere with sleep, sexual function, and quality of life.